Electric incandescent lamp



(No Model.)

J. GUEST. ELECTRIC INOANDESGENT LAMP. No. 265,410. Patented 001;. 8,1882.

N. PETERS. Pimlo-Liilmgraphgr, Washingluu 04 c.

A'IENT JOHN H. GUEST, ()F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

ELETRlC INCANDESCENT LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 265,410, dated October3, 1882.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, John H. GUEs'r, of Brooklyn, Kings county, New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ElectricIncandescent Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

Myinvention relates to incandescent electric lamps in which the luminousloop is inclosed in exhausted or sealed glasses having sealed necksthrough which the conductingwires issue.

A portion of my present invention includes certain improved details atthe sealing end of the lamp for more perfectly sealing the issuing wiresin the lamp; and a leading feature of my invention consistsin a shade orexternal globe removably applied to the pendent end of the sealedlamp-globe, as hereinafter fully set forth.

Figure 1 of the drawings annexed presents a full side elevation of myimproved lamp and its inelosing -shade, the whole being represented assuspended from achandelier or bracket arm. Fig. 2 presents a sectionalelevation of the lamp removed from the chandelier, showing the improveddetails at the sealingend of the lamp, and illustrating a modified meansof supportingthe external globe or shade on the pendent end of theluminous globe.

In the drawings, a indicates the sealed lampglobe, which is preferablyof the usual pear shape.

1) indicates the carbon or luminant loop, and 0 indicates theconducting-wires, which extend therefrom and issue from the globethrough tubular necks d d, drawn on the upper end of the globe. Thewires are securely sealed in these necks in the manner claimed in apendin g application filed September 12, 1881that is, by a charge of moltenmetal, 0, which is sucked up or drawn into the necks when the necks areinverted and dipped into a quantity thereof, which molten metalimmediately solidifies in .the necks around the wires, and thuseffectively seals the same. The metal used should have a chemicaladhesion for both the metal wires and the glass of the necks, so thatthe wires thus become, as it were, soldered or chemically cemented inthe necks, thereby insuring a tight seal.

In my former applications I showed the necks of a tapering formthroughout, but flared at both ends. In my present improvement I blowbulbs f f about midway in the necks, Which bulbs will contain a largermass of metal around the wires and insure a better chemical contactbothwith the glass and the wires, thereby rendering the seal much moreperfect, as will be readily appreciated. Thus when the necks are formedwithout the bulbs the wires are sometimes liable to touch one side ofthe necks, which prevents the metal flowing perfectly between the wireand the glass. With the bulbed necks, however, the wires cannot possiblytouch the sides of the glass in the bulbs, which hence become filledwith metal around the wires, thereby insuring a perfect metallic seal orweld between the wires and the glass sides of the bulbs. The months oropen ends of the necks (Z d are covered or sealed over with some simplecement, preferably of a waxy and fusible nature-such as sealin g-wax orshellac-as shown at g, thereby forming a double seal in connection withthe metal e.

Around the necks is placed an inclosingsheath, 0, similar to that shownin my previous application, the lower end of which rests upon the topbulb of the lamp, while its upper end is flared and scalloped to presenta neat tinish simulating a tulip flower. The lower half of this sheathis stuffed with a layer of cotton, h, or other equivalent cushioningmaterial, which rises to a point above the bulbs ffof the sealing-necks.Over this cotton is poured a layer of plaster-of-paris, t, whichsubmerges the waxed ends of the necks and rises to about the narrow endof the tulip-shaped top, and through this plaster the conducting-wires 0rise and protrude above the same, but terminate within the tulip-shapedtop, where their ends are turned down or hooked to hang in the usualmanner on the corresponding hooked ends of the circuitwires of thechandelier. The cotton layer It forms an elastic packing around the baseand bulbed parts of the glass necks, which prevents cracking by changesof temperature or by jars, while the plasteri protects and conceals theupper ends of the necks, and also protects and'retains the cement g,which cannot escape or become displaced, although it may be melted bythe heat of the lamp, as it becomes imprisoned in a cell in the plaster,which is of course infusible and unaffected by the heat. Furthermore,the plaster serves to fasten the sheath 0 in its position, and gives aneat finish in the top of the sheath, as will be understood. In lieu ofthe cotton packing it, any other elastic material may of course be used,and instead of the plaster i any equivalent cement may be employed.

Thcremainiug and more conspicuous feature of my invention relates to theshade or globe k, which surrounds the luminous lamp-globein Figs. 1 and2. This is formed at least sufficiently large to freely admit theluminous lam p-globe, but preferably about twice as large as the same,and of globular or other shape, open at the top, with preferably aflaring scalloped termination, similar to the top of the sheath 0, whileits lower end is provided with a central pendent neck, 7, which may beeither closed or open at the bottom, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In Fig.1the neck is shown closed at the bottom and terminates with a bulb, whilein Fig. 2 the neck is open at the bottom and terminates flat orabruptly. The lowerend of the luminous lamp-globe is usually terminatedwith a pendent stem, 8, formed by drawing the glass out in sealing theglobe after its exhaustion. This stem in Fig. 2 is narrow where itsprings from the lamp-globe, and thence swells into a pear-shaped bulge,diminishing downward to a point, as shown. Now, 1 indicates a loosemetal ring, having a shallow flared rim on its upper side and a tuberising from its center, which tube is divided into a number of springtongues or prongs, m, which spread apart at the middle, converge towardthe top, and again diverge at the extremities. It will therefore bereadilyseen that the shadeglobe k may be easily slipped up over thelampglobe a till the lamp-globe seats against the bottom of theshade-globe, and that the ring I, with its spring-clasps m, may now beput in place by pressing the clasps up through the neck of the globearound the stem 8 of the v lamp, when the clasps will spring around thenarrow part of the stem and the ring will seat against the base of theneck 1' of the shadeglobe, as shown in Fig. 2, and the shade-globe willthereby be attached to the lam p-globe in a neat, simple, and securemanner, yet may be as readily detached when not required or when it isdesired to clean the globe.

The globe of course serves to mellow or modify the light from theluminous loop and conceal the intensity of its outline, and ispreferably ground for this purpose, and may also be used to tinge orcolor the light, if made of colored glass. The globe also protects thefragile exhausted globe from drops of water or from irregular or suddendrafts of air, which frequently crack it, and, moreover, imparts a muchbetter appearance to the lamp, and may he etched or ornamented in manyways and dccorated'with the initials or other devices of the owner.Vhere the neck of the shadeglobe is closed, as in Fig. 1, the globe maybe filled with water around the luminous globe, thereby serving to keepthe luminous globe from becoming too highly heated, and also mellowingthe light and giving the effect of a lens or prism around the lamp. Iffilled with colored fluids, the lamps may then be advantageouslyemployed as show-bottles in druggists windows.

In Fig. 1 the spring-claspsm are formed somewhat difi'erent to that inFig. 2. In this case the clasp is aflixed tothe pendent stem s of theluminous globe, which is made a little longer than the stem in Fig. 2,and preferably terminates in an ornamental head or knob, n. The claspconsists of a cleft metal sleeve or tube, preferably fastened to theroot of the stem 8 by a binding of wire, as illustrated, and divided atits lower end into a number of divergent spring tongues, m, whoseextremities are hooked or turned slightly upward, as fully shown inFig. 1. It will hence be seen that it the stem of the lamp, which formsin effect an elastic tenon, is pressed down in the neck of the shadeglobe, or vice versa, the springtongues at will spring out over the endof the neck, and thus hold the shade-globe securely and neatly in itsposition upon the lamp with the same effect as in Fig. 2. I prefer theconstruction just described, and shown in Fig. 1; but either contructionmay be used, and obviously other modifications may be employed withoutdeparting from the general plan. Thus instead of the spring-tenon andsocket, the stem of the lamp-globe may be provided with a screw-threadto screw into a threaded socket on the lamp-globe, but the spring-tenonand socket is preferred.

I claim- 1. The combination, with an electric-lamp globe formed with apendent orproj ecting stem, of a detachable shade-globe adapted toencircle the same, and formed with a corresponding neck or socket, inwhich said stem is received, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

2. The combination, with an electric-lamp globe formed with a pendent orprojectingstem, of a detachable shade or globe adapted to surround thesame, formed with a corresponding neck or socket, into which said stemfits, and a springclasp serving to detachably engage the stem with thesocket by slipping the one into the other, substantially as herein shownand described.

3. An electric-lamp globe provided with an elastic or expansible andcontractible tenon or stem, in combination with a detachable shadeglobeadapted to surround the lamp-globe, and formed with a neck or socket inwhich the said elastic tenon or stem may be sprung to detachably supportthe shade globe upon the lamp-globe, substantially as herein shown anddescribed.

4. An electric-lamp globe formed with the neck or necks d (I, throughwhich the conducting-wires issue, with swells or bulbsffformed on saidnecks, and a charge of solidified metal or equivalent cement therein,substantially as which the conductors issue sealed externally and forthe purpose set forth. with a fusible cement, of asheath surrounding 5.The combination, with an electric-lamp saidnecksorapertures,andafillingofinfusible gloheformedwithtubularnecks,'throughwhich cement within said sheath surrounding said 155 the conductors issue, of a primary sealing of necks and submerging thesaid fusible cement, solidified metal in said tubes, and a secondarysubstantially as herein shown and described.

sealing of wax or equivalent cement applied to the external ends of saidstems, substan- JOHN GUEST tially as herein shown and described.Witnesses: I0 6. The combination, with an electric-lamp I OHAs. M.HIGGINS, I globe having the apertures 0r necks through E. O. PERKINS.

